复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统研发与应用     

孙志文  贾永刚  权永峥  郭秀军  刘涛  孟庆生  孙中强  李凯  范智涵  陈天  唐浩儒 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):216-228

海底滑坡、浊流等深海底地质灾害严重威胁海洋工程安全,是国家深海开发亟待解决的风险问题。为避免深海海底地质灾害对海底工程造成危害,解决深海海底地质灾害监测预警的难题,我们研发了一套复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统。该系统通过声学、电阻率、超孔隙水压力等方法监测深海海底沉积物的物理力学性质变化,实现了对深海海底地质灾害的监测和预警。该系统主要包括海床基搭载平台、监测系统、通信控制系统、供电系统等。其中监测系统主要通过原位长期监测海底沉积物的电阻率、声学、超孔隙水压力等的变化来获取海底沉积物的物理力学性质变化;通信控制系统可以实现海底到海面,再到陆地的双向通信和数据传输。其中供电系统通过独特设计的海水电池工艺,可以满足该系统在海底长期工作一年的电量需求。复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统已完成了近海测试,并搭载“海洋地质六号”“东方红三号” “张謇号”等科考船在南海进行了多次远海海试,获取了丰富的实测数据。电阻率监测系统采用温纳法滚动测量,测得的水土界面位置平均电阻率为0.207 Ω·m。超孔隙水压力监测系统采用开放式结构的压差式光纤光栅孔压测量方法,监测到孔压观测的4个标志性阶段:(1)贯入过程引起的超孔隙水压力累计,峰值为34.942 kPa,历时0.182 h;(2)贯入完成后累积的超孔隙水压力衰减,衰减到9.973 kPa,历时为0.810 h;(3)环境应力引起的超孔隙水压力实时响应,超孔隙水压力的变化范围为8.327~14.384 kPa;(4)残余孔隙水压力平均值为11.150 kPa。声学监测系统采用两个一发三收模式,测量的海水平均声速为1 533 m/s,测量的海底沉积物自上而下的平均声速依次为1 586、1 587、1 784、1 735、1 831 m/s。复杂深海工程地质原位长期监测系统的成功研制将显著提升目前海洋工程地质原位长期观测的技术能力,解决复杂深海工程地质评价及地质灾害监测预警的技术难题。  相似文献   

山西地区6次M_S≥4.5地震前地震活动异常总结     

李丽  孟令媛 《地震地磁观测与研究》2022,43(3):89-100

系统梳理了2000年以来山西地区6次M_S≥4.5地震前地震活动异常,结果表明,地震空区/平静、地震条带、显著地震/震群、大同地震窗“开窗”活动等异常在地震发生前具有一定普遍性,且异常基本围绕在震中及附近地区分布,特别是在地震平静/空区、地震条带等异常发展后期出现的显著地震/震群活动,对未来地震发生的地点和时间具有较好的预测意义。异常持续时间与发震间隔统计表明：异常多出现在主震发生前6个月以内,显著地震/震群、大同地震窗“开窗”对未来主震的发生具有短临预测意义。此外,随着区域应力水平的不断增强,在特定敏感地区会发生成组极微震密集活动,监视跟踪这些有别于正常活动背景的极微震活动,对地震短临预测具有一定意义。  相似文献   

冀西北地区中侏罗世玄武岩的首次发现及其地质意义     

白春东  许凡  李泽阳  孟家葆  朱本鸿 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2023060001-2023060001

笔者等在张家口市宣化区—涿鹿县一带中—上侏罗统髫髻山组底部首次发现玄武岩组合,其时代归属、地球化学性质及地质意义需要开展研究。本文对玄武岩开展地质学、岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究。玄武岩SiO2含量为39. 49%～49. 74%,Mg#为28～65,里特曼指数σ主要为2. 61～33. 12。玄武岩获得LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄为164. 3±2. 6 Ma,时代为中侏罗世,代表髫髻山组底界年龄。玄武岩属于碱性玄武岩系列,与上覆粗面岩构成双峰式火山岩组合,表明髫髻山组早期火山岩形成于大陆板内拉张环境。该套玄武岩是髫髻山组中性火山岩的玄武质岩浆底侵作用的地质学、岩石学和大地构造学证据。  相似文献   

内蒙古达茂旗东北部比旗格淖复式岩体的形成年龄、地球化学特征及成因     

张建超  朱孔阳  杨波  苏美霞  许立权  周飞  董传万  沈忠悦  吴艳君  孟晓玲  佘琳琳 《地质论评》2023,69(5):2023050010-2023050010

达茂旗东北部比旗格淖复式岩体位于内蒙古中部,该岩体由两期侵入体组成,岩性分别为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,前者为岩体主体岩性。主体花岗闪长岩主要由斜长石（An=14 ~ 30）、石英、钾长石和普通角闪石组成,内部发育暗色微粒包体;补体二长花岗岩主要由石英、钾长石和斜长石（An=12 ~ 23）组成。LA- ICPMS锆石U- Pb定年显示岩体形成于晚二叠世,形成年龄为259±2 Ma。主体花岗闪长岩SiO2=66. 37%-68. 70%、为准铝质—弱过铝质（A/CNK=0. 99 ~ 1. 01）,地球化学上显示出富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土和高场强元素的特征,属于I型花岗岩;其中闪长质暗色微粒包体呈浑圆状或拉长扁平透镜状,年龄与寄主花岗闪长岩一致,为岩浆混合的产物;补体二长花岗岩,高硅（SiO2=71. 51% ~ 73. 09%）、富碱（Na2O+K2O=7. 91% ~ 8. 61%）,为弱过铝质—强过铝质（A/CNK=1. 07 ~ 1. 11）,属分异I型花岗岩。比旗格淖复式岩体锆石εHf(t)分布范围为-3. 0 ~ 3. 4,对应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄为1473 ~ 1057 Ma。具有相对较低的\[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)\]i值（0. 704829 ~ 0. 705327）,Nd(t)值为-5. 85 ~ -8. 86,对应的Nd的二阶段模式年龄为1. 69 ~ 1. 45 Ga。结合区域研究资料,认为比旗格淖复式岩体为亏损地幔组分与受其诱发的部分熔融的古老地壳物质混合形成,属于后碰撞型花岗岩,这类岩体的形成标志了古亚洲洋在兴蒙造山带南缘的闭合,并发生造山后伸展作用。  相似文献   

Spatial and Temporal Stress Variations before and after the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 Earthquake and its Implications: A Study based on Borehole Stress Data          下载免费PDF全文

MENG Wen  LIN Weiren  CHEN Qunce  LI Yonghua 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(1):226-242

In situ stress measurement data was analyzed to estimate the temporal and spatial stress variations at shallow depths in the Longmenshan fault zone(LMSF), prior to and following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(WCEQ). Analysis of the stress field related to fault strength and behavior is useful for understanding geodynamic processes and conducting hazard assessments. The shallow stress changes after the WCEQ show clear along-strike variations. Degrees of stress orientation rotations have a negative ...  相似文献   

Organic-Inorganic Interaction Recorded by Polycyclic Aromatic Steranes in Continental Epithermal Ore Deposits          下载免费PDF全文

XU Huiyuan  LIU Quanyou  JIN Zhijun  ZHU Dongy  MENG Qingqiang  LI Pengpeng  ZHU Biqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(1):327-336

Continental epithermal ore deposits are commonly associated with sedimentary organic matter, oils or solid bitumen. These organics embedded in mineral deposits can convey valuable information of the ore genesis. However, the extent to which the formation of ore minerals was recorded by organic compounds remains largely unknown, as also is how metal-rich ores interfere with the molecular proxies in the temperature regime envisaged for hydrothermal activity. The molecular compositional changes of ...  相似文献   

江苏徐州赵圩剖面新元古界倪园组沉积环境演化与事件沉积          下载免费PDF全文

孟艳  李壮福  沈玉林  杨天洋  敬宇鸿  文祖超  祝玉琳  刘炳文 《古地理学报》2023,25(2):308-322

江苏徐州赵圩剖面新元古界倪园组出露完整连续,岩性组合极具代表性,沉积现象丰富,发育有大量典型的事件沉积,因其成因存在争议而长期受到关注。本研究以倪园组野外宏观岩性组合及镜下微观岩石特征为基础,依据宏观—微观对照的方法,分析了倪园组沉积环境及事件沉积特征,探讨了事件沉积频发及类型多样的成因。研究表明: (1)倪园组沉积环境自下而上依次为潟湖—缓坡中上部—缓坡中下部—缓坡中上部—潮坪+潟湖; (2)事件沉积在各段的发育情况均有所区别,其中砾屑灰岩与冲刷—充填构造在各段均有发育,但下段与中段规模较大,除此之外,中段局部见震裂角砾岩、液化底辟构造,顶部发育臼齿构造,而上段底部以臼齿构造为主,中上部见软沉积物变形构造以及交错层理,结合沉积环境分析,认为事件沉积主要发生于缓斜坡环境以及潮坪、潟湖环境; (3)综合以上研究结果,认为倪园组频发—多类型事件沉积与正常沉积构成的特殊旋回,其动力机制或与周期性的地震—风暴作用有关,即可能为Rodinia古大陆的汇聚—裂解导致的华北地台东缘伸展型区域构造运动与米兰科维奇旋回的叠加而引发的多因素耦合作用的结果。  相似文献   

约束等效源稳定向下延拓方法研究     

周智文  何水原  孟小红  王俊  方圆  郑师警  廖开训 《地球物理学报》2022,65(2):754-762

在等效源向下延拓方法的理论基础上,研究提出加入观测平面以下空间实测数据作为约束的等效源约束向下延拓法,用于二维位场数据向下延拓.与传统的向下延拓方法和等效源法延拓相比,等效源约束向下延拓法抗噪声性强,能延拓出由于延拓深度过大而衰减至难以探测的高频信号,使延拓结果更接近真实值.理论重力模型数据的延拓结果显示该方法有效,延拓结果优于传统波数域迭代法和等效源法.利用等效源约束延拓法对我国某海域水面实测重力值进行向下延拓并与水下实测值进行对比,结果表明该方法延拓结果最接近实测值.本文方法为我国深水油气近海底重磁高精度探测研究提供一定的技术支撑.  相似文献   

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit,Southern North China Craton     

MENG Jie  LI Houmin  LI Lixing  SANTOSH M.  SONG Zhe  YANG Xiuqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):627-665

The uncommon Mg-rich and Ti-poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton(NCC) remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore-forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low-Ti magnetite(TiO_2 ~0.1 wt%) and serpentine(Mg#=92.42–96.55), as well as residual olivine(Fo=89–90), orthopyroxene(En=89–90) and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe-Ti-V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine(Fo=83–87), orthopyroxene(En=82–86), humite(Mg#=82–84) and hornblende [XMg=0.87–0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite(Th-rich oxide) and monazite(LREE-rich phosphate) are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO_2(4.77–25.23 wt%), Fe_2O_3 T(32.9–80.39 wt%) and MgO(5.72–27.17 wt%) and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO_2(16.34–48.72 wt%), Mg O(16.71–33.97 wt%) and Fe_2O_3 T(6.98–30.92 wt%). The striking high Fe-Mg-Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high-Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of Al, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron-rich chemical precipitates(BIF) suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe-Mg-Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high-grade metamorphism and late-stage hydrothermal fluid modification.  相似文献   

New Understanding of Lithium Isotopic Evolution from Source to Deposit——A Case Study of the Qaidam Basin     

WANG Linlin  ZHANG Yongsheng  XING Enyuan  MENG Qingqiang  YU Dongdong 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(5):2048-2049

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